LABS

LEVER LAB!

Questions How is effort force affected when applied closer to the fulcrum?

Hypothesis: If the Effort Force Distance (cm) is decreased then the Effort Force needed will increase because it needs more effort if it is closer to the fulcrum.

Variables: Fulcrum Weight and Effort Force distance Independent dependant and controlled variables.

Independent Variable: The Fulcrum Placement

Dependant Variable: Effort Force

Controlled Variable: Weight, Effort Force Distance angle of the Meter stick.

Materials Pencil(Fulcrum) Meter Stick(Bar) Data collector(Effort Force) Weight (Load Force)

Procedure: First you get out your Meter Stick(Bar) then you place the fulcrum under it in a location then you put a certain amount of weight on one side then you test the Effort Force with the Data Collector and you do this repeatedly with different Fulcrum Placements.

Data:
 * Fulcrum At (cm) || Load at End of Ruler (g) || Load distance (cm) (from fulcrum to load) || Effort Force needed (newtons) || Effort Force Distance (cm) ||
 * 50 || 100 || 49 || 1.0 || 49 ||
 * 50 || 40 || 49 || 0.5 || 49 ||
 * 50 || 40 || 49 || 0.7 || 30 ||
 * 50 || 40 || 49 || 1.1 || 20 ||

||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Fulcrum At (cm) || Load at End of Ruler (g) || Load distance (cm) (from fulcrum to load) || Effort Force needed (newtons) || Effort Force Distance (cm) ||
 * 40 || 90 || 39 || 0.3 || 59 ||
 * 40 || 90 || 39 || 0.4 || 50 ||
 * 40 || 90 || 39 || 0.5 || 40 ||
 * 40 || 90 || 39 || 0.6 || 30 ||
 * 30 || 130 || 29 || 0.6 || 69 ||
 * 30 || 130 || 29 || 0.7 || 65 ||
 * 30 || 130 || 29 || 0.8 || 60 ||

Conclusion: My conclusion would be that I could to a better job of getting data with accuracy and that I would have done better with more time (and a anonymous source Not me told me with a different partner) and that I should switched jobs every once in a while instead of always doing one thing.

FRICTION LAB

Question – If I add force to four different surfaces then which surface will require more force to move?

Hypothesis – Part 1 If four different but equally weighed surfaces are pulled across the same desk then the one that looks and feels the roughest (in this case the cork surface) will require more force to be pulled across the table because in experience rough objects cause more friction then smooth objects.

Part 2 If the exact same surface (in this case plastic 2) is pulled across a table with different mass (0.5k) (1.0k) (1.5k) (2.0k ) each test, then the greater mass would require the most force because in experience the greater the mass will cause more friction because of gravity.

Variables – The variables need to be listed. You can create a chart or make a simple list identifying each of the three different variables.

Independent Variable- Part 1-The Independent Variable for part 1 is the different surfaces. Part 2-The Independent Variable for part 2 is the different mass.

Dependent Variable- Part 1- The Dependent Variable for part 1 is the Amount of Newtons Part 2- The Dependent Variable for part 2 is the Amount of Newtons

Controlled Variable-

Part 1-The Controlled Variable for part 1 is the Table on which we had Trials. Part 2-The Controlled Variable for part 2 is the Table on which we had Trials.

Procedure – Part 1- First: Place 500 grams in the box with the surface to be tested. Attach your Newton meter to the block. Using the Newton meter, try and pull the block along the surface at a constant rate. Measure the newtons. Do this all over again with different surfaces three times.

Part 2- Place the weight in the Plastic 2 then attach your Newton meter to the block. Using the Newton meter, try and pull the block along the surface at a constant rate. Measure the newtons. Do this all over again with different weights three times.

Data Collection and Processing Raw Data Table – Part 1- Surfaces Test 1 Test 2 Test3 Total Average Cork 2.50N 2.00N 2.40N 6.90N 2.30N Plastic 1 1.20N 1.00N 1.05N 3.25N 1.083-N Plastic 2 0.60N 0.70N 1.00N 2.30N 0.76-N Carpet 1.60N 1.40N 1.40N 4.40N 1.46-N

Part 2- Weight Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Total Average 2k 2.5N 2.5N 2.4N 7.4N 2.46-N 1.5k 2.0N 1.9N 2.0N 5.9N 1.96-N 1k 1.5N 1.6N 1.5N 4.6N 1.53-N .5k 0.6N 0.9N 0.8N 2.3N 0.76-N

Presentation of Processed Data–

Conclusion & Evaluation Conclusion –My hypothesis is correct in that the cork would be the one with the most friction. This was tested by using the Newton meter to measure the Newton’s at a constant speed across the table. Friction is a force that opposes motion and friction is what made the surfaces to go a certain number of Newton’s.

Limitations of Experimental Design – I think that all our experiments went well because we use the variables well and kept the Controlled Variables such as the table controlled. The thing that made our experiment not go as well would be the lack of data such as not knowing what we used in which experiment but the overall experiment went well.

Suggestions for Improvement – I think what could go better for next time would be to make our graph on paper first and do all the requirements in Part one before doing the actual lab.

Extra LAB

Questions How is effort force affected when effort force distance(cm) is moved?

Hypothesis: If the Effort Force Distance (cm) is decreased then the Effort Force needed will increase because it needs more effort if it is closer to the fulcrum and if the Effort Force Distance (cm) is increased then the opposite will happen.

Variables: Fulcrum Weight and Effort Force distance Independent dependant and controlled variables.

Independent Variable: The Effort Force Distance (cm)

Dependant Variable: Effort Force

Controlled Variable: Weight, Fulcrum

Materials Pencil(Fulcrum) Meter Stick(Bar) Data collector(Effort Force) Weight (Load Force)

Procedure: First you get out your Meter Stick(Bar) then you place the fulcrum under it in a location then you put a certain amount of weight on one side then you test the Effort Force with the Data Collector and you do this repeatedly with different Fulcrum Placements.

Data: Fulcrum At (cm) || Load at End of Ruler (g) || Load distance (cm) (from fulcrum to load) || Effort Force needed (newtons) || Effort Force Distance (cm) ||

Fulcrum At (cm) || Load at End of Ruler (g) || Load distance (cm) (from fulcrum to load) || Effort Force needed (newtons) || Effort Force Distance (cm) ||

Conclusion: My conclusion would be that I could to a better job of getting data with accuracy and that I would have done better with more time (and a anonymous source Not me told me with a different partner) and that I should switched jobs every once in a while instead of always doing one thing.